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Code for all programming assignments should be well documented. A working program with no comments will receive only partial credit. Documentation entails writing a description of each function/method, class/structure, as well as comments throughout the code to explain the program logic. Comments in OCaml are enclosed within (* *), and may be nested. It is understood that some of the exercises in this programming assignment require extremely little code and will not require extensive comments.
While few programming assignments pretend to mimic the "real" world, they may, nevertheless, contain some of the ambiguity that exists outside the classroom. If, for example, an assignment is amenable to differing interpretations, such that more than one algorithm may implement a correct solution to the assignment, it is incumbent upon the programmer to document not only the functionality of the algorithm (and more broadly his/her interpretation of the program requirements), but to articulate clearly the reasoning behind a particular choice of solution.
The overall objective of this assignment is to expose you to some advanced features of OCaml such as higher-order functions, abstract datatypes and modules, as well as to fully understand the notion of scoping, binding, environments and closures, by implementing a mini-ML interpreter. In addition, in this assignment you will be building a lexer and a parser. Again, no individual function requires more than 15-25 lines, so if you're answer is longer, you can be sure that you need to rethink your solution. The template for the assignment, as well as several test cases is available as a zip file pa4.zip that you need to download.
Note: All the solutions can be done using the purely functional fragment of OCaml, using constructs covered in class, and most require the use of recursion. Solutions using imperative features such as references or while loops will receive no credit. Feel free to use any library functions that you want.
It is a good idea to start this assignment early as it is somewhat longer than the first three assignments. Even though we have included sample inputs and expected outputs for each step in the assignment, these tests are not comprehensive. It is possible to pass them all and still have a lot of mistakes (which our grading will expose). You are responsible for understanding the problems and testing other cases to make sure your implementation is correct.Your functions/programs must compile and/or run on a Linux ACS machine (e.g. ieng6.ucsd.edu , as this is where the verification of your solutions will occur. While you may develop your code on any system, ensure that your code runs as expected on an ACS machine prior to submission. You should test your code in the directories from which the zip files (see below) will be created, as this will approximate the environment used for grading the assignment.
Most of the points, except those for comments and style, will be awarded automatically, by evaluating your functions against a given test suite. In the tests directory, there is a small handful of tests. For this project, you will use make to compile your program. If for some problem, you cannot get the code to compile, leave it as is with the raise ..., with your partial solution enclosed below as a comment. There will be no exceptions to this rule. If the code you submit does not compile with make, you will receive 0 for the assignment.
Your solutions to this assignment will be stored in separate files under a directory called solution/, inside which you will place the files : config.make,main.ml,Makefile,nanoLex.mll,nano.ml,nanoParse.mly,rules.make,test.ml,toplevel.ml and there should be no other files in the directory.
After creating and populating the directory as described above, create a zip file called <LastName>_<FirstName>_cse130_pa4.zip by going into the directory solution and executing the UNIX shell command:
zip <LastName>_<FirstName>_cse130_pa4.zip *You can refer to an example submission file to compare with yours. Make sure that your zipped file's structure is the same as the example.
Once you've created the zip file with your solutions, you will use the validate_pa4 program to see whether your zip file's structure is well-formed to be inspected by our grading system by executing the UNIX shell command:
validate_pa4 <LastName>_<FirstName>_cse130_pa4.zipThe validate_pa4 program will output OK if your zip file is well-formed and your solution is compiled. Otherwise, it will output some error messages. Before going to step 3, make sure that your zip file passes validate_pa4 program. Otherwise you get a zero for the whole assignment. If you have any trouble with this, refer to the instructions in step 1.
Once your zip file passes the validation check by validate_pa4, you will use the turnin_pa4 program to submit this file for grading by going into the directory solution/ and executing the UNIX shell command:
turnin_pa4 <LastName>_<FirstName>_cse130_pa4.zipThe turnin_pa4 program will provide you with a confirmation of the submission process; make sure that the size of the file indicated by turnin_pa4 matches the size of your tar file. (turnin_pa4 is a thin wrapper script around the ACMS command turnin that repeats validation and ensures that the propper assignment name is passed) Note that you may submit multiple times, but your latest submission overwrites previous submissions, and will be the ONLY one we grade. If you submit before the assignment deadline, and again afterwards, we will count it as if you only submitted after the deadline. .
type binop =
Plus
| Minus
| Mul
| Div
| Eq (* = *)
| Ne (* <> *)
| Lt (* < *)
| Le (* <= *)
| And
| Or
| Cons
(* data types for Expressions in nano-ml *)
type expr =
Const of int
| True
| False
| NilExpr
| Var of string
| Bin of expr * binop * expr
| If of expr * expr * expr
| Let of string * expr * expr (* let X = E1 in E2 -> Let (X,E1,E2) *)
| App of expr * expr (* F X -> App(F,X) -- (calling function F w/ argument X) *)
| Fun of string * expr (* fun X -> E -> Fun(X,E) *)
| Letrec of string * expr * expr (* let rec X = E1 in E2 -> Letrec (X,E1,E2) *)
(* data types for Values in nano-ml *)
type value =
Int of int
| Bool of bool
| Closure of env * string option * string * expr (* Closure(environment,Some name_of_function (* or None if anonymous *),formal,body) *)
| Nil
| Pair of value * value
and env = (string * value) list
The goal of this problem is to write a parser and lexer for nano-ml using mlyacc.
In each subproblem, we will increase the complexity of the expressions parsed by your program.
We will begin by making our parser recognize some of the simplest ML expressions: constants and variables.
Begin with nanoParse.mly and define tokens TRUE and FALSE (note that some tokens like Num, Id, etc., are already defined). An Id token has a single agurment of a string, which will store the name of the variable.
Next add rules to nanoLex.mll. A Num constant is a sequence of one or more digits. An Id is a letter (capital or lowercase) followed by zero or more letters or digits. These two are provided for you. The strings "true" and "false" should return the corresponding tokens. Add those to nanoLex.mll.
Finally, notice a rule in nanoLex.mll to ignore whitespace: space, newline (\n), carriage return (\r), and tab (\t). You don't need to understand the production on the right, it just means that those characters are ignored in the lexing buffer.
Once you have implemented this functionality, you should get the following behavior ($ is a shell prompt, # is a nanoml.top prompt)
$ make
output from make, hopefully with no errors
$ ./nanoml.top
NanoML
$ ./nanoml.top
Objective Caml version 3.10.0
# NanoLex.token (Lexing.from_string "true");;
- : NanoParse.token = NanoParse.TRUE
# Main.token_list_of_string "true false 12345 foo bar baz";;
- : NanoParse.token list = [NanoParse.TRUE; NanoParse.FALSE; NanoParse.Num 12345; NanoParse.Id "foo"; NanoParse.Id "bar"; NanoParse.Id "baz"]
Now return to nanoParse.mly. Add rules to the parser so that true, false, integers, and ids are parsed into expressions (of type Nano.expr from nano.ml).
In particular, notice that we have set up scaffolding for the grammar, so that precedence is resolved by the structure of the grammar. You should therefore add these rules to the exp1 production. We give you the Num rule as an example.
Once you have implemented this functionality, you should get the following behavior ($ is a shell prompt, # is a nanoml.top prompt)
$ make
output from make, hopefully with no errors
$ ./nanoml.top
NanoML
$ ./nanoml.top
Objective Caml version 3.10.0
# NanoParse.exp NanoLex.token (Lexing.from_string "true");;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.True
# NanoParse.exp NanoLex.token (Lexing.from_string "false");;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.False
# NanoParse.exp NanoLex.token (Lexing.from_string " \n123");;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Const 123
# NanoParse.exp NanoLex.token (Lexing.from_string "\rfoo");;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Var "foo"
Add the following tokens to the lexer and parser.
These should be parsed as in real ML to give Nano.Let, Nano.Letrec, Nano.Fun, and Nano.If expressions (of type Nano.expr). That is, a let expression should be "let <id> = <expr> in <expr>", a letrec expression should be the same, but with "rec" added. A fun expression should be "fun <id> -> <expr>", and an if expression should be "if <expr> then <expr> else <expr>". Here <id> denotes any id from part (a), and <expr> denotes any expression from part (a), or any let / letrec / fun / if expression.
String Token let LET rec REC = EQ in IN fun FUN -> ARROW if IF then THEN else ELSE
Rules for those expressions should be added at the lowest precedence level, that is, in exp8.
Once you have implemented this functionality and recompiled, you should get the following behavior at the ./nanoml.top prompt:
# Main.token_list_of_string "let rec foo = fun x -> if y then z else w in foo";;
- : NanoParse.token list = [NanoParse.LET; NanoParse.REC; NanoParse.Id "foo"; NanoParse.EQ; NanoParse.FUN; NanoParse.Id "x"; NanoParse.ARROW; NanoParse.IF; NanoParse.Id "y"; NanoParse.THEN; NanoParse.Id "z"; NanoParse.ELSE; NanoParse.Id "w"; NanoParse.IN; NanoParse.Id "foo"]
# Main.string_to_expr "let rec foo = fun x -> if y then z else w in foo";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Letrec ("foo", Nano.Fun ("x", Nano.If (Nano.Var "y", Nano.Var "z", Nano.Var "w")), Nano.Var "foo")
Add the following tokens to the lexer and parser.
Add all of these as binary operators to your parser. Each should result in a Nano.Bin with the corresponding Nano.binop. The arguments to these binary operators may be any expressions. (You don't need to worry about types. "3+true||7" is allowed as far as the parser is concerned.)
String Token + PLUS - MINUS * MUL / DIV < LT <= LE != NE && AND || OR
Once you have implemented this functionality and recompiled, you should get the following behavior at the ./nanoml.top prompt:
# Main.token_list_of_string "+ - /*|| <<= &&!=";;
- : NanoParse.token list = [NanoParse.PLUS; NanoParse.MINUS; NanoParse.DIV; NanoParse.MUL; NanoParse.OR; NanoParse.LT; NanoParse.LE; NanoParse.AND; NanoParse.NE]
# Main.string_to_expr "x + y";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "x", Nano.Plus, Nano.Var "y")
# Main.string_to_expr "if x < 4 then a || b else a && b";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.If (Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "x", Nano.Lt, Nano.Const 4),
Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "a", Nano.Or, Nano.Var "b"),
Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "a", Nano.And, Nano.Var "b"))
# Main.string_to_expr "if 4 <= z then 1-z else 4*z";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.If (Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 4, Nano.Le, Nano.Var "z"),
Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 1, Nano.Minus, Nano.Var "z"),
Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 4, Nano.Mul, Nano.Var "z"))
# Main.string_to_expr "let a = 6 / 2 in a!=11";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Let ("a", Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 6, Nano.Div, Nano.Const 2),
Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "a", Nano.Ne, Nano.Const 11))
Ensure that your parser recognizes function application (see the rule in exp2), and parentheses (see the rule in exp1). You should get the following behavior:
# Main.token_list_of_string "() ( )";;
- : NanoParse.token list = [NanoParse.LPAREN; NanoParse.RPAREN; NanoParse.LPAREN; NanoParse.RPAREN]
# Main.string_to_expr "f x";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.App (Nano.Var "f", Nano.Var "x")
# Main.string_to_expr "(fun x -> x+x) (3*3)";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.App (Nano.Fun ("x", Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "x", Nano.Plus, Nano.Var "x")),
Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 3, Nano.Mul, Nano.Const 3))
# Main.string_to_expr "(((add3 (x)) y) z)";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.App (Nano.App (Nano.App (Nano.Var "add3", Nano.Var "x"), Nano.Var "y"), Nano.Var "z")
# Main.filename_to_expr "tests/t1.ml";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Bin (Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 2, Nano.Plus, Nano.Const 3), Nano.Mul,
Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 4, Nano.Plus, Nano.Const 5))
# Main.filename_to_expr "tests/t2.ml";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Let ("z1", Nano.Const 4, Nano.Let ("z", Nano.Const 3,
Nano.Let ("y", Nano.Const 2, Nano.Let ("x", Nano.Const 1, Nano.Let ("z1", Nano.Const 0,
Nano.Bin (Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "x", Nano.Plus, Nano.Var "y"), Nano.Minus, Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "z", Nano.Plus, Nano.Var "z1")))))))
Operators Associativity High Precedence function application left *, / left +, - left =, !=, <, <= left && left || left let, fun, if N/A Low Precedence
Left associative means that "1-2-3-4" should be parsed as if it were "((1-2)-3)-4", and "f x y z" should be parsed as if it were "((f x) y) z".
Function application having higher precedence than multiplications, and multiplication higher than addition means that "1+f x*3" should be parsed as if it were "1+((f x)*3)"
Precedence should be handled by carefully selecting in which stage to put each rule. Associativity can be handled by picking a different non-terminal for the left-hand-side and the right-hand-side of binary operator rules. See the given rules for PLUS and MUL for an example.
Once you have implemented this functionality and recompiled, you should get the following behavior at the ./nanoml.top prompt:
# Main.string_to_expr "1-2-3-4";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Bin (Nano.Bin (Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 1, Nano.Minus, Nano.Const 2), Nano.Minus, Nano.Const 3), Nano.Minus, Nano.Const 4)
# Main.string_to_expr "1+a&&b||c+d*e-f/g x";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Bin (Nano.Bin (Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 1, Nano.Plus, Nano.Var "a"), Nano.And, Nano.Var "b"), Nano.Or, Nano.Bin (Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "c", Nano.Plus, Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "d", Nano.Mul, Nano.Var "e")), Nano.Minus, Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "f", Nano.Div, Nano.App (Nano.Var "g", Nano.Var "x"))))
# Main.filename_to_expr "tests/t13.ml";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Let ("f", Nano.Fun ("x", Nano.Fun ("y", Nano.Fun ("a",
Nano.Bin (Nano.App (Nano.Var "a", Nano.Var "x"), Nano.Mul, Nano.Var "y")))),
Nano.Let ("g", Nano.Fun ("x", Nano.Bin (Nano.Var "x", Nano.Plus, Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 1, Nano.Mul, Nano.Const 3))),
Nano.App (Nano.App (Nano.App (Nano.Var "f", Nano.Const 7), Nano.Const 8), Nano.Var "g")))
Add the following tokens to the lexer and parser.
Add a rule to your parser to support parsing lists. Notice that we already built the grammar for parsing semicolon sequences (see the expseq non-terminal). You should use this as part of your rule, but must additionally ensure that you see a left and right curly braces. "[a;b;c;d;e;f;g]" should be parsed as if it were "a::b::c::d::e::f::g::[]". The :: operator should have higher priority than the comparison functions (=, <=, etc.), and lower priority than + and -. In addition, :: should be right associative. [] should give NilExpr, and :: should be treated as any other binary operator.
String Token [ LBRAC ] RBRAC ; SEMI :: COLONCOLON
Once you have implemented this functionality and recompiled, you should get the following behavior at the ./nanoml.top prompt:
# Main.string_to_expr "1::3::5::[]";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 1, Nano.Cons, Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 3, Nano.Cons, Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 5, Nano.Cons, Nano.NilExpr)))
# Main.string_to_expr "[1;3;5]";;
- : Nano.expr = Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 1, Nano.Cons, Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 3, Nano.Cons, Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 5, Nano.Cons, Nano.NilExpr)))
# Main.string_to_expr "1::3::5::[]=[1;3;5]";;
- : Nano.expr =
Nano.Bin (Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 1, Nano.Cons, Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 3, Nano.Cons, Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 5, Nano.Cons, Nano.NilExpr))),
Nano.Eq, Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 1, Nano.Cons, Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 3, Nano.Cons, Nano.Bin (Nano.Const 5, Nano.Cons, Nano.NilExpr))))
type binop = Plus | Minus | Mul | Div
type expr = Const of int
| Var of string
| Bin of expr * binop * expr
type value = Int of int
type env = (string * value) list
First consider the types described above: binop, expr are used to capture simple ML expressions. Each expression is either an integer constant, a variable, or a binary operator applied to two sub-expressions. A value is an integer, and an environment is a list of pairs of variable names and values. Use listAssoc to write a function lookup: string * env -> value that finds the most recent binding for a variable (i.e. the first from the left) in the list representing the environment. Using this function, write a function eval : env * expr -> value that when called with the pair (evn,e) evaluates an ML-nano expression e of the above type, in the environment evn , and raises an exception MLFailure ("variable not bound: x") if the expression contains an unbound variable.
Once you have implemented this functionality and recompiled, you should get the following behavior at the ./nanoml.top prompt:
# open Nano;;
# let evn =[("z1",Int 0);("x",Int 1);("y",Int 2);("z",Int 3);("z1",Int 4)];;
val evn : (string * Nano.value) list = [("z1", Int 0); ("x", Int 1); ("y", Int 2); ("z", Int 3); ("z1", Int 4)]
# let e1 =Bin(Bin(Var "x",Plus,Var "y"), Minus, Bin(Var "z",Plus,Var "z1"));;
val e1 : Nano.expr = Bin (Bin (Var "x", Plus, Var "y"), Minus, Bin (Var "z", Plus, Var "z1"))
# eval (evn,e1);;
- : Nano.value = Int 0
# eval (evn,Var "p");;
Exception: Nano.MLFailure "Variable not bound: p".
type binop = Plus | Minus | Mul | Div
| Eq | Ne | Lt | Le | And | Or
type expr = Const of int
| True | False
| Var of string
| Bin of expr * binop * expr
| If of expr * expr * expr
type value = Int of int
| Bool of bool
type env = (string * value) list
Add support for the binary operators =, !=, <, <=, &&, ||. This will require using the new value type Bool. The operators = and != should work if both operands are Int values, or if both operands are Bool values. The operators < and <= are only defined for Int arguments, and && and || are only defined for Boolarguments. For all other arguments, a MLFailure exception should be raised with an appropriate error message.
Now implement If expressions. Given If(p,t,f), p should be evaluated first, and if it evaluates to true (as a Bool), then t should be evaluated, and the value of the if expression should be the value of t. Similarly, if p evaluates to false, then f should be evaluated and the result returned. If p does not evaluate to a Bool, a MLFailure exception should be raised with an appropriate error message.
Once you have implemented this functionality and recompiled, you should get the following behavior at the ./nanoml.top prompt:
# open Nano;;
# let evn =[("z1",Int 0);("x",Int 1);("y",Int 2);("z",Int 3);("z1",Int 4)];;
val evn : (string * Nano.value) list = [("z1", Int 0); ("x", Int 1); ("y", Int 2); ("z", Int 3); ("z1", Int 4)]
# let e1 =If(Bin(Var "z1",Lt,Var "x"),Bin(Var "y",Ne,Var "z"),False);;
val e1 : Nano.expr = If (Bin (Var "z1", Lt, Var "x"), Bin (Var "y", Ne, Var "z"), False)
# eval (evn,e1);;
- : Nano.value = Bool true
# let e2 =If(Bin(Var "z1",Eq,Var "x"),Bin(Var "y",Le,Var "z"),Bin(Var "z",Le,Var "y"));;
val e2 : Nano.expr = If (Bin (Var "z1", Eq, Var "x"), Bin (Var "y", Le, Var "z"), Bin (Var "z", Le, Var "y")) # eval (evn,e2);;
- : Nano.value = Bool false
type expr = ...
| Let of string * expr * expr
| Letrec of string * expr * expr
Now consider the extended the types as shown above to include "let-in" expressions that introduce local bindings exactly as in OCaml. Let (b,e1,e2) should be evaluated as the ML expression let b = e1 in e2 . Similarly, Letrec (b,e1,e2) should be evaluated as let rec b = e1 in e2 . (Since at this point, we do not support functions, Let and Letrec should do the same thing.)
Once you have implemented this functionality and recompiled, you should get the following behavior at the ./nanoml.top prompt:
# open Nano;;
# let e1 = Bin(Var "x",Plus,Var "y");;
val e1 : Nano.expr = Bin (Var "x", Plus, Var "y")
# let e2 = Let("x",Const 1,Let("y",Const 2,e1));;
val e2 : Nano.expr = Let ("x", Const 1, Let ("y", Const 2, Bin (Var "x", Plus, Var "y")))
# eval ([],e2);;
- : Nano.value = Int 3
# let e3 = Let("x",Const 1,Let("y",Const 2,Let("z",e1,Let("x",Bin(Var "x",Plus,Var "z"),e1))));;
val e3 : Nano.expr = Let ("x", Const 1, Let ("y", Const 2, Let ("z", Bin (Var "x", Plus, Var "y"), Let ("x", Bin (Var "x", Plus, Var "z"), Bin (Var "x", Plus, Var "y")))))
# eval ([],e3);;
- : Nano.value = Int 6
type expr = ...
| App of expr * expr
| Fun of string * expr
type value = ...
| Closure of env * string option * string * expr
We now extend the above types so that there is an expression for function
application: App(e1,e2) corresponds to applying e2 to
the function e1 , we allow function declarations via the expression
Fun (x,e) where x and e are respectively the formal parameter and body-expression of the function.
For now, assume the function is not recursive.
However, functions do have values represented by the Closure
(evn,f,x,e) where evn is the
environment at the point where that function was declared, and n,x,e
are name, formal and body expression of the function. If the function is anonymous or declared in a let statement, the name should be None. If the function is declared in a let rec statement, then the name of the function should be Some f (where f is the name of the function).
Extend your implementation of eval by adding the
appropriate cases for the new type constructors.
Once you have implemented this functionality and recompiled, you should get the following behavior at the ./nanoml.top prompt:
# open Nano;;
# eval ([],Fun ("x",Bin(Var "x",Plus,Var "x")));;
- : Nano.value = Closure ([], None, "x", Bin (Var "x", Plus, Var "x"))
# eval ([],App(Fun ("x",Bin(Var "x",Plus,Var "x")),Const 3));;
- : Nano.value = Int 6
# let e3=Let("h",Fun("y",Bin(Var "x", Plus, Var "y")),App(Var "f",Var "h"));;
val e3 : Nano.expr = Let ("h", Fun ("y", Bin (Var "x", Plus, Var "y")), App (Var "f", Var "h"))
# let e2 = Let("x",Const 100,e3);;
val e2 : Nano.expr = Let ("x", Const 100, Let ("h", Fun ("y", Bin (Var "x", Plus, Var "y")), App (Var "f", Var "h")))
# let e1 = Let("f",Fun("g",Let("x",Const 0,App(Var "g",Const 2))),e2);;
val e1 : Nano.expr =
Let ("f", Fun ("g", Let ("x", Const 0, App (Var "g", Const 2))),
Let ("x", Const 100,
Let ("h", Fun ("y", Bin (Var "x", Plus, Var "y")),
App (Var "f", Var "h"))))
# eval ([],e1);;
- : Nano.value = Int 102
# eval ([],Letrec("f",Fun("x",Const 0),Var "f"));;
- : Nano.value = Closure ([], Some "f", "x", Const 0)
Make the above work for recursively defined functions (when declared with let rec).
Once you have implemented this functionality and recompiled, you should get the following behavior at the ./nanoml.top prompt:
# open Nano;;
# eval ([],Letrec("fac",Fun("n",If(Bin(Var "n",Eq,Const 0),Const 1,Bin(Var "n",Mul,App(Var "fac",Bin(Var "n",Minus,Const 1))))),App(Var "fac",Const 10)));;
- : Nano.value = Int 3628800
type binop = ...
| Cons
type expr = ...
| NilExpr
type value = ...
| Nil
| Pair of value * value
Extend your program to support operations on lists. In addition to the changes to the data types, add support for two functions "hd" and "tl" which do what the corresponding ML functions do.
Once you have implemented this functionality and recompiled, you should get the following behavior at the ./nanoml.top prompt:
# open Nano;;
# eval ([],Bin(Const 1,Cons,Bin(Const 2,Cons,NilExpr)));;
- : Nano.value = Pair (Int 1, Pair (Int 2, Nil))
# eval ([],App(Var "hd",Bin(Const 1,Cons,Bin(Const 2,Cons,NilExpr))));;
- : Nano.value = Int 1
# eval ([],App(Var "tl",Bin(Const 1,Cons,Bin(Const 2,Cons,NilExpr))));;
- : Nano.value = Pair (Int 2, Nil)
Once you have completed all the above parts, you should end up with an executable "nanoml.byte". You should be able to test it as follows from the shell prompt:
and so forth, for all the files in tests. To get the expected value for the other tests, run them with ocaml:$ ./nanoml.byte tests/t1.ml
...
out: 45
$ ./nanoml.byte tests/t2.ml
...
out: 0
$ ./nanoml.byte tests/t3.ml
...
out: 2
and so forth. "tests/t14.ml" requires that you have completed both extra credit parts.# #use "tests/t1.ml";;
- : int = 45